What is the term for valuing an asset at the price it was originally purchased rather than its current worth?

The term for valuing an asset at the original purchase price, rather than its current market value, is commonly referred to as "Historical Value." This accounting principle maintains that the asset should be recorded and reported at the price it was acquired, regardless of market fluctuations over time. This approach provides consistency in financial reporting and ensures that the financial statements reflect a reliable value that can be verified through documentation.

In contrast, market value refers to the price at which an asset would trade in a competitive auction setting, which can vary significantly over time. Book value is often used interchangeably with historical value but typically reflects the original cost minus any accumulated depreciation or impairment. Replacement cost represents the current cost to replace an asset with a similar one, which often differs from the original purchase price. Understanding these terms helps in navigating financial statements and appreciating how asset values are recorded in accounting practices.